Classification of High Voltage Divider

A high-voltage divider is a device used to measure high voltage, which achieves voltage monitoring or protection function by proportionally reducing the high voltage to a measurable range. Its classification is mainly based on working principles, application scenarios, and structural design. The following is a detailed classification:
1, Classified by working principle
resistance divider
Principle: Use resistors in series to divide voltage.
Features: Simple structure, low cost, but there is a temperature rise issue (resistance heating under high voltage may affect accuracy).
Applicable scenarios: DC or low-frequency AC voltage measurement, such as DC high voltage power monitoring.
capacitive divider
Principle: Voltage is divided by connecting capacitors in series and using capacitive impedance to distribute voltage.
Features: No power loss, good frequency characteristics, but susceptible to stray capacitance.
Applicable scenarios: High frequency AC or pulse voltage measurement, such as power system frequency or impulse testing.
Resistance capacitance hybrid voltage divider
Principle: Combination of resistance and capacitance (such as RC series or parallel), balancing the characteristics of resistance and capacitance.
Features: Improved frequency response, reduced temperature rise, high stability.
Applicable scenarios: Broadband voltage measurement (such as transient overvoltage monitoring in power systems).
Inductive voltage divider
Principle: Based on electromagnetic induction, voltage is divided through transformers (such as capacitive voltage transformers, CVTs).
Characteristics: Strong isolation, suitable for ultra-high voltage, but with a large volume.
Applicable scenarios: AC voltage measurement in power systems (such as 110kV and above lines in substations).
2, Classified by application scenario
AC voltage divider
Specially designed for power frequency or high-frequency AC communication, commonly used capacitive or resistive capacitive hybrid.
dc voltage divider
Mainly based on resistance, insulation and heat dissipation need to be considered.
Impulse voltage divider
For lightning strikes or overvoltage design, it is required to have a very fast response speed (nanosecond level), mostly capacitive or resistive capacitive.
3, Classified by structural design
Single-stage voltage divider
Single layer resistor or capacitor series connection, suitable for medium and low voltage (such as laboratory use).
Multi stage voltage divider
Multi level series connection (such as tower structure) is used to control the electric field distribution through a voltage equalization ring for ultra-high voltage (such as testing ultra-high voltage above 1000kV).
Shielded voltage divider
Install a shielding layer or pressure equalization cover to reduce external electric field interference and improve measurement accuracy.
Adjustable voltage divider
The voltage divider ratio can be adjusted by switching the resistance/capacitance values to adapt to different voltage ranges, which is commonly used in laboratories.